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The geography of Saskatchewan (suskăch'uwun, –wän", săs"–, –oowun"), is unique among the provinces and territories of Canada in some respects. It is one of only two landlocked regions (Alberta is the other) and it is the only region whose borders are not based on natural features like lakes, rivers or drainage divides. The borders of Saskatchewan, which make it very nearly a trapezoid, were determined in 1905 when it became a Canadian province. The population in May 2012 was 1,072,853.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stats Canada 2006 census ) 〕 Saskatchewan has a total area of of which is land and is water.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Atlas of Canada: Land and freshwater areas )〕 The province's name comes from the Saskatchewan River, whose Cree name is: ''Kisiskatchewani Sipi'', meaning "swift flowing river".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Provinces and Territories – The origins of their names )〕 Saskatchewan can be divided into three regions: grassland (part of the Great Plains) in the south, aspen parkland in the center, and forest (taiga) in the north, part of the Canadian Shield. Its principal rivers are the Assiniboine River, North and South Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan's economy is based on its abundant natural resources, notably petroleum, natural gas, coal, potash, uranium and forests, and agriculture (wheat and other grains, and cattle ranching). The original inhabitants of Saskatchewan were the Cree Indians in the south and central regions and the Dene in the north. The Hudson's Bay Company controlled the area named Rupert's Land beginning in 1670. The French established settlements in the region c. 1750, though the Hudson’s Bay Company made the first permanent settlement in 1774. The Hudson’s Bay Co. ceded Rupert’s land in 1869, and by 1870, the North West became a member of the Dominion of Canada as a part of the Northwest Territories. From 1882 into the early 1900s, the extension of the railroad brought in large numbers of European settlers. Saskatoon is the largest city and Regina is the second largest city and capital. ==Physical geography== Saskatchewan is an approximate trapezoid. Its western border runs concurrent with the 4th meridian or the 110°W longitude, separating Saskatchewan from the province of Alberta. This border extends in length for and was established in 1905 when both provinces were formed.〔 Saskatchewan's eastern border includes minor measurement errors from the 1880s, so that it does not lie perfectly on the 102°W longitude, but rather it is slightly west of that meridian from 60°N parallel to 55°47'N, then slightly east of that until the Canada–United States border – an irregular line (rather than a straight one) for its distance.〔 〕 When Saskatchewan was formed in 1905, Manitoba and the District of Keewatin were the neighboring areas to the east. Manitoba was enlarged in 1912 north to the 60th parallel, becoming Saskatchewan's only eastern neighbor. This remaining section of the border was determined by survey between 1961 and 1972.〔 Saskatchewan's southern border with the United States sits approximately on the 49th parallel, as agreed in the Treaty of 1818—though minor measurement errors during the 1870s International Boundary Survey result in some variance between the actual Canada–United States border and the 49th parallel.〔 〕 This boundary was not formally established until the 1867 survey.〔 〕 This border extends across southern Saskatchewan. The Northwest Territories is north of the 60th parallel which forms the northern border of the province.〔 〕 This border extends across northern Saskatchewan.〔 The aforementioned measurement errors in the 1880s surveys place the Saskatchewan/Manitoba border approximately west of the 102nd meridian and the accurately measured Northwest Territories/Nunavut border, just missing a true quadripoint of the Saskatchewan/Manitoba/Northwest Territories/Nunavut borders. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geography of Saskatchewan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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